Simulations on reverberating and superefficient pulsar wind nebulae
We numerically studied the radiative properties of the reverberation phase of several well-characterized PWNe and discovered that even the Crab Nebula, associated to the more energetic pulsar of the sample we consider, has a period in its future time evolution where the X-ray luminosity will exceed the spin-down power at the time.
In fact, all nebulae in our sample are expected to have a period of radio, X-ray, and GeV superefficiency, and most will also have a period of TeV superefficiency. We then explored a broad range of PWN models to study their reverberation and superefficiency phases in a systematic way in order to analyze how many Galactic PWNe are expected to be reverberating, or in a superefficiency at any given time.
We also provide predictions for the future evolution of the magnetar nebula J1834.9-0846 along the next 50 years. I will talk about the characterization of the superefficiency period we discovered in our numerical study.